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テクスチャーアナライザーによるさまざまなポリマーと粘膜組織の粘膜接着特性の評価

ファトマヌール・トゥグク・デミロズ

粘膜接着性ポリマーは、さまざまな医薬品システムで使用される材料のグループです。これらは親水性高分子として分類され、粘膜膜との結合を形成するためのさまざまな実用的な天然分子を含んでいます。これらのポリマーは、粘膜との結合によって分類できます。粘膜接着性を高めると考えられている非共有結合には、水素保持、疎水性結合、および静電結合が含まれます。粘膜接着性ポリマーは、カチオン性、アニオン性、または非イオン性です。ポリ(アクリル酸)誘導体などのアニオン性ポリマーは、そのカルボキシル基と体液糖タンパク質のヒドロキシル基の間で、pKa 未満の水素結合を形成すると考えられています。また、カルボキシレート内で粒子双極子結合が発生する可能性があることも示唆されています。さらに、ポリ誘導体は、ポロキサマー 407 (P407) などの熱応答性ポリマーと組み合わせて、保持力を向上させることができます。熱応答性ポリマーは、常温で液体から粘性のあるゲルに変化し、器具に通すと粘性を示し、身体に塗布すると粘性が増します。粘膜接着の過程は、通常、接触段階と結合段階の 2 つの段階に分けられます。最初の段階は、粘膜接着剤と体液膜との接触によって説明され、定義が広がり、拡大し、体液膜との深い接触が始まります。結合段階では、粘膜接着剤は湿気の存在によって活性化されます。湿気は構造を可塑化し、粘膜接着剤粒子が分離して弱いファンデルワールス結合と水素結合によって結合できるようにします。

Mucosal surfaces spread the nasal, visual, buccal, rectal, vaginal, and gastrointestinal zones among different pieces of the body. Medications might be directed to these destinations for nearby impact, and their high porousness makes them appealing for fundamental medication conveyance. Be that as it may, the regular freedom instruments from these destinations limit living arrangement time, diminishing medication assimilation or span of neighborhood impact. So as to beat these weaknesses, "mucoadhesive" frameworks have been created, which hold fast to mucosal films through an assortment of alluring physicochemical associations, improving maintenance, and in this manner the adequacy of medications Mucoadhesion is the capacity of materials to stick to mucosal layers in the human body and give a transitory maintenance. This property has been broadly used to create polymeric dose structures for buccal, oral, nasal, visual and vaginal medication conveyance. Incredible mucoadhesive properties are run of the mill for hydrophilic polymers having charged gatherings and additionally non‐ionic utilitarian gatherings fit for shaping hydrogen bonds with mucosal surfaces. This component article thinks about late advances in the investigation of mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive polymers. It gives a diagram on the structure of mucosal films, properties of bodily fluid gels and the idea of mucoadhesion. Essential destinations behind the utilization of mucoadhesive medication conveyance gadgets are to delay their private time at the specific site to make them target explicit, and to improve the medication ingestion process. Along these lines, the estimation of mucoadhesivity is a critical advance to plan the mucoadhesive medication conveyance frameworks. The procedure of the utilization of mucoadhesive polymeric materials to improve the adequacy of remedial medicines has been presented as some time in the past and the methodology is still of an extraordinary enthusiasm for the field of pharmaceutical sciences.

In vitro or ex vivo procedures are significant in the exhibition testing of mucoadhesive medication conveyance frameworks and are savvy in choosing proficient frameworks when contrasted and in vivo strategies. These techniques can assess mucoadhesive details, without utilizing creature models, and may offer robotic comprehension of mucoadhesion. Various strategies have been created to survey and comprehend the mucoadhesion of medication conveyance frameworks. The advancement of new strategies ought to be approved by correlation with a highest quality level in vitro method, or in vivo execution. New strategies to examine the mucoadhesive profile of semisolid polymer frameworks are commonly evolved in-house on bespoke hardware, and have not experienced approval, which stresses the significance of normalized methods. Besides, every measurements structure may require diverse trial conditions and examination may just be conceivable inside dose structure types. The separation power technique (otherwise called the ductile strategy) is the most broadly utilized technique to explore glue associations between a mucosal film (or other substrate) and a detailing. This strategy can be utilized for strong and semisolid measurement structures and it is realized that instrumental boundaries and analysis configuration impact test results. Different strategies, for example, the rheological strategy, can bring about various reactions and translations relying upon the examination type utilized. In this way, it is imperative to comprehend the factors of the technique for mucoadhesion testing, taking into account that normalized strategies have been required.

Mucoadhesion is a mind boggling process and various speculations have been proposed to clarify the instruments in question. Those are wetting hypothesis, Diffusion hypothesis, Fracture hypothesis, The electronic hypothesis, The adsorption hypothesis. Mucoadhesive conveyance frameworks are being investigated for the confinement of the dynamic specialists to a specific area/site. Polymers have assumed a significant job in structuring such frameworks in order to build the habitation time of the dynamic specialist at the ideal area. Mucoadhesive polymers are water-solvent and water insoluble polymers. Mucoadhesive polymers that hold fast to the mucin-epithelial surface can be helpfully partitioned into three expansive classes:

1.Polymers that become clingy when set in water and owe their mucoadhesion to tenacity.

2. Polymers that follow through vague, non-covalent associations those are essentially electrostatic in nature

3. Polymers that quandary to explicit receptor site on tile self surface.

Every one of the three polymer types can be utilized for medicate conveyance.

この調査では、さまざまなポリマーで調製されたゲル製剤のさまざまな粘膜組織への粘膜付着特性を解析しました。ポリマーとして、キトサンM、キトサンH、HPMC K15M、HPMC K100M、グアーガムH、グアーガムS、カルボポール®974 P、ポリカルボフィル®AA-1の8つの異なるポリマーを使用しました。調製したゲルの粘膜付着調査には、9つの異なる牛様粘膜組織（膣、鼻、頬、腸、結腸、胃、子宮、喉）を使用しました。TA.XT。さらに、テクスチャーアナライザーを使用して、粘膜付着性ゲル製剤が粘膜から離れる力と粘膜付着プロセスを測定し、さらに、微粒子フレームワークとしてのリポソームをゲル製剤に追加して、接着がどのように影響を受けるかを調べました。全体的な結果を考慮すると、キトサン H とグアーガム H は他のポリマーと比較して最も優れた粘膜付着特性を持つことがわかりました。